Title: ”Unveiling the secret of the Universe with neutrinos and gravitational waves”

  

Prof. Takaaki Kajita

University of Tokyo / Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) of the University of Tokyo

 

 

TIME: October 19 (Wed.) 16:00

Room: 205

 

ABSTRACT:

Neutrinos are one of the subatomic particles. They have no electric charge and penetrate even through the Earth. Therefore, it is possible to get information of the center of the stars by detecting neutrinos. In the Standard Model of particle physics, neutrinos have been assumed to have no mass. It was predicted more than 50 years ago that neutrinos will change their type(flavor) while propagating in the vacuum or in any medium, if they have masses. This phenomenon is called neutrino oscillations. In 1998, neutrino oscillation was discovered. Further studies on neutrinos are in progress in various neutrino projects. In particular, neutrinos with very small mass might be the key to understand the origin of the matter in the Universe.

Gravitational waves are generated by the violent motion of heavy mass. Therefore, gravitational waves are expected to be a very important new tool to observe the Universe such as the mergers of blackhole binaries or those of neutron star binaries.

I will discuss the experimental studies of neutrinos and gravitational waves.

 

BRIEF CV:

Takaaki Kajita is a Special University Professor and a Distinguished University Professor of The University of Tokyo, and a professor of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) of the University of Tokyo.

Kajita received his Ph.D. from the University of Tokyo School of Science in 1986, and has been researching at Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande detectors at the Kamioka Observatory in central Japan. In 1998, at the Neutrino International Conference held in Takayama, Japan, he showed the analysis results which provided strong evidence for atmospheric neutrino oscillations. In 2015 he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for his role in discovering atmospheric neutrino oscillations. Currently, he also is the project leader of KAGRA aiming to explore the gravitational wave astronomy.  

 

This talk is hosted jointly by the Korean Physical Society and Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP).

 

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Title: ”Our New International System of Units”

  

Prof. Klaus von Klitzing

Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research

 

 

TIME: October 20 (Thu.) 11:00

Room: 205

 

ABSTRACT:

On World Metrology Day 2019 (20.5.2019) all countries in the world changed the definitions for the following base units of the International System of Units (SI system): the kilogram, the ampere, the kelvin and the mole. In an historic vote on 16.11.2018, the General Conference on Weights and Measures, which represents 98% of the world gross product, decided this change unanimously. This decision means that all SI units will now be defined in terms of constants of nature. This change was optimized in such a way, that nearly nothing happened in our daily life but in the field of high precision measurements, some adjustments were necessary and more importantly, the new international system of units will be more stable.

The quantized Hall resistance (Nobel Prize 1985) played a crucial role for the realization of this new SI system since this quantum resistance can be used not only for high precision measurements of electrical standards but also for a new realization of a kilogram by comparing electrical and mechanical forces with the Kibble balance.

The talk summarizes the application of the quantum Hall effect in metrology with the focus on the replacement of the kilogram by a fixed value for the Planck constant.

 

BRIEF CV:

Klaus von Klitzing was born in Schroda, Reichsgau Posen, Germany. He is known for discovery of the integer quantum Hall effect, for which he was awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Physics.  

In 1962, Klitzing passed the Abitur at the Artland-Gymnasium in Quakenbrück, Germany, before studying physics at the Braunschweig University of Technology, where he received his diploma in 1969. He continued his studies at the University of Würzburg at the chair of Gottfried Landwehr, completing his PhD thesis entitled Galvanomagnetic Properties of Tellurium in Strong Magnetic Fields in 1972, and gaining habilitation in 1978.  

During his career Klitzing has worked at the Clarendon Laboratory at the University of Oxford and the Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory in France (now LNCMI), where he continued to work until becoming a professor at the Technical University of Munich in 1980. He has been a director of the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart since 1985.

The von Klitzing constant, R_K= h/e² = 25812.80745... Ω, is named in honor of Klaus von Klitzing's discovery of the quantum Hall effect, and is listed in the National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. The inverse of the constant is equal to half the value of the conductance quantum.

More recently,Klitzing's research focuses on the properties of low-dimensional electronic systems, typically in low temperatures and in high magnetic fields.  

 

This talk is hosted jointly by the Korean Physical Society and Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science.

 

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Title: ”Topological quantum matter, entanglement and the second quantum revolution”

  

Prof. Duncan Haldane

Princeton University

 

 

TIME: October 21 (Fri.) 11:00

Room: 205

 

ABSTRACT:

While the laws of quantum mechanics have remained unchanged and have passed all tests for the last eighty-five years, new discoveries about the exotic states that they allow, “entanglement”, and ideas from quantum information theory, have greatly changed our perspective, and some believe that a “second quantum revolution” is currently underway. The discovery of unexpected “topological states of matter”, and their possible use for “topologically-protected quantum information processing” is one of the important themes of these developments, and will be described.

 

 

BRIEF CV:

Duncan Haldane was born in London, Great Britain. After attending St Paul's School in London he studied at Cambridge University, where he received a Ph.D. in 1978. His supervisor was the future Nobel Laureate Philip Anderson. Haldane has worked at Institut Laue–Langevin in Grenoble, France, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, and the University of California San Diego. In 1990, Haldane was appointed as a professor of physics in the department of physics at Princeton University, where he remains to this day.  

With David J. Thouless and J. Michael Kosterlitz, Haldane shared the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter." Haldane is known for a wide variety of fundamental contributions to condensed matter physics including the theory of Luttinger liquids, the theory of one-dimensional spin chains, the theory of fractional quantum hall effect, exclusion statistics, entanglement spectra, and much more.  

 

This talk is hosted jointly by the Korean Physical Society and the Korea Institute for Advanced Study.